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KMID : 0903619900310020150
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Journal of the Korean Society for Horticultural Science
1990 Volume.31 No. 2 p.150 ~ p.161
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Effects of Light and Ethephon on Germination of Light - Inhibited Amaranthus hypochondriacus Seeds in Relation to the Respiration , Stored Nutrients and Certain Enzymatic Activities
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Abstract
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Physiology in seed germination of Amaranthus hypochondriacus known as both ornamental and summer vegetable crops was studied in relation to elucidation and characterization of the respiratory and relevant enzymatic changes taking place in the germination of seed. The experimental results from the present studies are thus illustrated and may hopefully devote to provide worthwhile information for further studies in this problem, and are briefed as in the following compendia:
1. Dark, red light, ethephon in the light and ethephon plus red light treatments showed four stages of oxygen uptake in the germination, namely, first increase in oxygen uptake, steady continuation of the uptake, the rapid increase in the uptake, and the decrease in the uptake. There were no such distinguishable stages for seed placed in the light.
2. Although carbohydrate and protein content, 6 hours after the seed sowing, did not show any change, there was however considerable decrease in the content due largely to the consumption of the seed content if allowed to germinate in both the dark and ethephon, red light alone, and combination between ethephon and red light. There was considerable decrease in the content due to the consumption of the seed content if allowed to germinate in both the dark and ethephon in the light alone, and ethephon plus red light treatment in combination.
3. There was a gradual decrease in the content of total sugar in the light, whereas a rapid decrease was noted in both the dark and the ethephon and red light treatments, as the respiration was expedited.
4. Reducing sugar and amino acid content did not show a change in the light, whereas they were increased since the dark and ethephon plus red light treatments caused a promotion in decomposition of carbohydrate and protein both in the dark and in the treatment with ethephon and red light.
5. Enzymes involved in the respiration as hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase were not distinguishably activated at the critical time in the light, and thus seeds did nut germinate. These enzymatic activities on the contrary were promoted when either the dark or ethephon in the light or/and red light were provided to seeds. The promotion of seed germination is therefore presumed due mainly to an increase in the respiration as brought about by an increased respiratory enzymatic activities under these favorable conditions for the germination.
6. Although a-amylase and catalase activities, which are not immediately related to the respiration, were gradually increased as the seed germination proceeded, while these enzymatic activities tended to be a bit more in the dark, the ethephon or/and red light treatment than in the light. Apparently necessity of these enzymes may intervene as the germination and growth proceed.
7. Electrophoretic zymograms have exhibited no noteworthy difference in isozymes of the above enzymes of germinating seeds in the dark and non-germinating ones in the light, while apparent protein degradation as a result of the consumption of seed-stored nutrition took place much more in the germinating seeds, for example, in either the dark or the ethephon and red light environment, than the non-germinating, according to the crossed immunoelectrophoretic analysis.
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